Watch buddy: expressive agents enhance AR video

The proliferation of personalized video content consumption, amplified by advances in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), has introduced new paradigms in media engagement. This paper presents the development and evaluation of “Watch Buddy,” an expressive virtual agent designed to enhance the video-watching experience within an AR environment. The research assesses the impact of the agent’s presence and expressiveness on user satisfaction, technology acceptance, social presence and emotional intimacy. A comparative user study with 30 participants reveals that the expressive agent significantly improves the viewing experience, as well as the perceived social connection between users and the agent, compared with an inexpressive agent and no agents at all. This paper contributes to VR/AR and human-agent interaction by demonstrating how virtual companions can influence media consumption and foster social connections, particularly for isolated demographics like the elderly or those living alone.